instal pc

Tanggal,30-11-2008

cara menginstal oprating sistem windows xp

1. Tekan del untuk masuk ke Bios(apabila ada perintah set up bios)
2. Pada bios pilih Advenced setup kemudian tekan enter
3. Setelah muncul tampilan berikut, pada 1^st Boot device tekan ‘ENTER’
4. Pilih CD ROM sebagai 1^st device,tekan ENTER jika sudah tekan ‘ESC’
5. Pada menu awal bios pilih SAVE & EXIT SETUP untuk menyimpan dan merestart komputer atau tekan ‘F10’
6. Masukan CDinstalan windows xp anda ke dalam CDROM lalu tekan’ENTER’
7. Setelah komputer merestart ulang monnitor akan menampilkan perintah (PREES ANY KEY TO BOOT FROM CD) tekan sembarang tombol di KEY BOARD agar proses instalasi dapat berjalan
8. Setelah proses instalasi telah selesai akan muncul perintah

Ø To setup windows XP now,prees ENTER

Ø To repair a windows xp istallation using recovery console,prees R

Ø To quit setup without installasing windows XP,press F3

9. tekan tombol ENTER untuk melakukan istalasi windows XP
10. Baca persaratan dari microsoft,lalu tekan tombol F8 meyetujuinya
11. Setelah itu akan ada tampilan perintah

Ø To Setup windows xp on the selected item,prees ENTER

Ø To create a partition in the unpartitioned space,prees C

Ø To delete the selected partition,prees D

12. Setelah membagi hard disk sesuai dengan besar hard disk yang anda miliki lalu tekan ENTER untuk mengistal windows XP usahakan di drive C
13. Format hard disk pilih ‘NTFS file system (quick). Tekan dan tunggu beberapa saat
14. Ketika komputer restart jangan tekan tombol apa pun, akan muncul tampilan windows xp
15. Setelah loading di tengah akan ada menu untuk memilih bahasa , penanggalan , dan mata uang pada system lalu anda pili NEXT
16. Lalu ada perintah nama dan organisasi lalu isi nama dan organisasi sesuka hati anda
17. lalu masukan product key yang ada pada kotak cd windows anda
18. masukan nama komputer anda
19. isi password yang nanti na di pakai untuk login
20. ketik ulang pasword
21. jika sudah, pilih NEXT
22. Pengaturan hari dan tanggal, jika sudah pilih NEXT
23. Pada pengaturan jaringan pilih tipikal jaringan
24. jika sudah pilih NEXT
25. Pada pengaturan grup jaringan, pilih no. anda bisa melakukanya saat windows telah teristal
26. jika sudah pilih NEXT
27. Tunggu sebentar setelah komputer merestart komputerakan menampilkan perintah (DISPLAY SETTING) lalu anda pilih OK
28. Lalu setelah itu komputer akan menmunculka tampilan selamat datang lalu anda pilih NEXT
29. Lindungin komputer anda dari virus dengan meng update aktifkan lalu pilih NEXT
30. Karena komputer kita belum memiliki koneksi internet perintah ini kita pilih no lalu pilih SKIP
31. Lalu setelah itu ad ucapan terima kasih lalu anda pilih perintah FINISH

CARA MERAKIT KOMPUTER

1. Siapkan MOBO pada tempat yang datar

2. buka tuas pengunci pad MOBO

3. Buka pelindung soket pada MOBO

4. Ambil prosesor dengan hati hati jangan memegang pin nya

5. Cocokan pin pada soket MOBO

6. Pastikan lekukan prosesor sesuai pada MOBO

7. Jangan di tekan , cukup meletakan nya dengan hati hati

8. setelah prosesor melekat pada MOBO tutup pengunci soketnya

9. masukan fan prosesor dengan caara melihat lubang lubang pada MOBO

10. Setelah fan telah melekat pada MOBO tmenekan 2 kunci fan secara bersamaan

11. Pasang konektor power kipas pada MOBO

12. Pada MOBO buka kedia pengunci slot ram

13. letakan ram ke tempat yang telah di sediakan

14. jangan menekan terlalu kuat untuk memasukan ram ke slot ram cukup menekan secara perlahan

15. masukan MOBO ke dalam kesing yang telah di sediakan

16. lalu kencangkan baut untuk melekatnya MOBO apad kesing

17. lalu pasang konektor power supply Pada konektor atx di MOBO

18. Masukan hard disk ke dalam kesing

19. lalu kencangkan baut bautnya untuk melekatnya ke kesing

20. lalu hubungkan konektor hard disk ke konektor power supply

21. lalu tancapkan konektor itu ke port power hard disk

22. tancapkan kabek data ke MOBO lalu hubungkan ke pord kabel data yang tersedia pada hard disk

23. Masukan cd rom ke dalam kesing

24. lalu kencangkan baut bautnya untuk melekatnya ke kesing

25. lalu hubungkan konektor cd rom ke konektor power supply

26. lalu tancapkan konektor itu ke port power cd rom

27. tancapkan kabek data ke MOBO lalu hubungkan ke pord kabel data yang tersedia pada cd rom

28. Masukan floppy disk ke dalam kesing

29. lalu kencangkan baut bautnya untuk melekatnya ke kesing

30. lalu hubungkan konektor floppy disk ke konektor power supply

31. lalu tancapkan konektor itu ke port power floppy disk yang lain dari yang lain atau yang paling kecil

32. tancapkan kabek data ke MOBO lalu hubungkan ke pord kabel data yang tersedia pada floppy disk

33. lalu masukan kabel hdd led, power led,dan power switch

34. dan yang terakhir pasang kesing nya kembali.

penginstalan OS

Proses Instalasi :

1.Masukan CD installer Windows Xp kedalam Cd room anda.

2.Restar computer.

3.pilih booting awal ke Cd roomUntuk mengganti booting awal ke cd room anda bisa masuk ke bios dengan cara restart computer lalu tunggu tulisan Pres Del to enter setup, dan anda harus menekan tombol Del yang ada di keyboard. Otomatis tampilan layar monitor akan menuju bios biasanya warna biru, kemudian anda cari sub menu yang memanagement booting (biasanya sub menu advance bios feature-boot sequence).Jika Motherboat anda keluaran terbaru untuk mengganti booting awal ke cd room anda cukup menekan tombol F8 atau F10 atau F11, tentunya setelah anda restart.Jika anda masih belum mengerti tanyakan pada teman anda yang menurut anda mengetahui sedikit banyak tentang cara mengganti booting awal ke cd room.Dan jika teman anda pun gak ada yang mengerti, sebaiknya tutup artikel ini, lalu anda cuci kaki dan gosok gigi kemudian tidur saja.

4.Setelah proses booting berhasil kemudian ada tulisan pres any key to boot from cd, maka anda harus menekan salah satu tombol di keyboard anda (misal tekan enter), setelah itu layar computer otomatis menjadi warna biru.

5.Anda akan berada pada layar window setup (tulisan window setup berada dipojok kiri atas), tunggu.

6.kemudian muncul layar window xp proses setup (tulisan ini juga berada pada pojok kiri atas).dilayar ini anda akan dihadaokan pada pilihan seperti :To setup window xp press ENTERTo repair winows xp installing using recovery……, press RTo quit setup……… press F3Pada pilihan-pilihan tersebut anda pilih pilihan yang teratas yaitu anda tekan ENTER.

7.Lalu anada dihadapkan pada layar window xp licenci agreementPada layar ini anda pilih/tekan F8.

8.Kemudian anda dihadapkan lagi pada layar windowxp process setup, dilayar ini terdapat juga pilihan-pilihan seperti :To repair, press RTo continue , press ESC (escape)Pada pilihan-pilihan tersebut anda pilih pilihan yang kedua yaitu anda tekan ESC.

9.Kemudian anda dihadapkan lagi pada pilihan-pilihan, seperti :To setup, press ENTERTo create……., Press CTo delete……., Press DPada pilihan-pilihan tersebut anda pilih pilihan yang teratas yaitu anda tekan ENTER.

10.Kemudian anda juga akan dihadapkan kembali pada pilihan-pilihan, seperti :To Continue, Press CTo Select Different….., Press ESCPada pilihan-pilihan tersebut anda pilih pilihan yang teratas yaitu anda tekan C.

11.Lalu ada pilihan-pilihan lagi, seperti :..........NTFS (Quick)……..FAT (Quick)……..NTFS……..FAT……...Confert to NTFS/FAT……..Leave No Change.Pada pilihan-pilihan tersebut terserah anda mau pilih yang mana tergantung anda apakah mau memakai system NTFS atau sytem FATTetapi penulis biasanya memakai sytem FAT, karena FAT bisa dibaca pada System Windows 98.Jadi pada pilihan tersebut diatas, pilih pilihan ke dua yaitu memakai System FAT. Tuliasan Quick berarti saat anda memformat Drive C tersebut Prosesnya Cepat.

12.Kemudian anda dahadapkan lagi pada pilihan-pilihan seperti :To Format, Press FTo Select..., Press ESCpada pilihan-pilihan tersebut anda pilih pilihan yang teratas yaitu anda tekan F.

13.Lalu tekan ENTER, ENTER……

14.Anda tunggu Proses tersebut.

15.Nanti pada saat kurang lebih pada menit ke 33 akan muncul windows baru yaitu system meminta Serial Number, Waktu dan Area/Zona (pada saat memilih area/zona pilih GMT+7 yaitu area Jakarta)…..next.

16.Tunggu Proses Instalasi……….

17.Pada Saat Komputer Restart anda jangan menekan apa-apa sampai proses instalasi tersebut selesai.

18.Setelah proses instalasi selesai, kemudian anda install Drivernya.

19.Selesai.

permasalahan pada printer

Printer mati or tidak bisa dihidupkan

• Periksa sumber listrik dan kabel power printer, bisa menggunakan test pen.
• Cek saklar power (ON/OFF) pada printer
• Permasalahan yang diakibatkan tidak adanya power untuk printer ini biasanya ditandai dengan tidak menyalanya LED (lampu indikator) dari printer tersebut.
• Ganti kabel penghubung atau saklar bila masih belum bisa dihidupkan

Printer hidup tapi tidak dapat mencetak

• Periksa tinta atau cartridge apakah ada kertas yg tersumbat (paper jamp)
• Periksa sambungan kabel data printer, apakah sudah terhubung dengan port pararel / port
• USB di komputer dengan benar.
• Cobalah kanibalkan kabel data (ganti kabel data printer dengan yang lain).
• Cobalah untuk merubah setting “spooler” untuk printer melalui menu properties
• Printer, spooler ini digunakan dengan tujuan agar anda tetap dapat menjalankan aplikasi ketika dilakukan pencetakan dokumen.
• Cek apakah ada port yang konflik dengan yg digunakan oleh printer.
• Pastikan telah melakukan instalasi dan memilih driver yg tepat untuk printer tersebut, pemilihan port juga harus disesuaikan.
• Cek space hardisk mencukupi untuk instalasi, terkadang jika buffer tidak cukup
• maka data tidak dapat dikirim ke printer dengan sempurna.
• Langkah terakhir bisa instalasi ulang drivernya dan ikutin prosedurnya dengan benar.

Printer mencetak, tapi tidak ada yang tercetak diatas kertas (blank)

• Kerusakan ini bisa di atasi dengan membersihkan dengan utility yg tersedia dari printer tersebut.
• Bersihkan juga head dan catridge printer bisa digunakan kain.
• Untuk head bisa dicelupkan ke dalam air panas tetapi jangan sampai terkena rangkain elektroniknya
• Jangan lupa pasang semua yg dah dibersihin.

Lampu indikator berkedip-kedip terus saat mencetak

• Penyebabnya bisa dikarenakan tidak ada kertas di printer.
• Cek catridge printer belum terpasang atau posisi pemasangan catridge mungkin tidak tepat.
• Bisa juga catridge yang dipasang pada printer tidak cocok untuk printer tersebut.
• Ada saat bila telat memasang kertas atau setelah paper jump kertas yang dimuat belum ditekan tombol on load
• Kemungkinan lain ada kertas yang nyangkut di dalam printer.
• Sebagian priter diharuskan body printer dalam kondisi tertutup saat proses pencetakan.

Hasil cetakan printer cacat

• Pada dot matrik biasanya disebabkan tidak lengkapnya jarum pin, untuk buble jet dikarenakan cartridge tinta tidak normal. Untuk hal ini harus diganti cartridge atau diperbaiki pinnya.
• Kemungkinan lain pada printer dot matrik adalah pergerakan print head tidak lancar, untuk mengatasi bisa dibersihkan dengan contact cleaner dan kain lap bersih.
• Cetakan cacat bisa disebabkan juga oleh tinta yg tidak merata dan kertas yg digunakan terlalu lembab, coba ratakan tintanya dan periksa kertas yg digunakan.
• Pada laser printer, penyebabnya biasanya cacatnya komponen drum “komponen menempelnya tinta” pada printer, kejadian ini awal mulanya bisa disebabkan karena menarik kertas yg tersumbat. Mengatasinya bisa mencoba membersihkan drum dengan kain lap yg bersih dan lembut selembut sutera “halah bahasanya :D”, ya berdoa aja itu drum ga cacat permanen coz kl dah bgtu mesti diganti alias beli baru.
• Pada printer dot matrik sering kejadian pita tidak bisa berputar dgn semestinya so mesti diperiksa n di pasang ulang itu pita dengan benar.
• JSelanjuatnya sekian dan terima kasih terucapkan atas kunjungannya dan jgn lupa kasih komen

Setting Jumper pada Motherboard

Di dalam sebuah motherboard kita dapat menemukan banyak sekali jumper-jumper yang fungsinya cukup beragam. Pada bagian ini kita membahas mengenai jumper yang fungsinya mengeset besarnya clock prosesor yang digunakan. Jika kita melihat tampilan kecepatan clock prosesor kita pada saat booting, maka informasi tersebut bukan berasal dari si prosesor melainkan dari motherboard yang telah kita setting jumpernya. Dalam hal ini jumper yang kita gunakan adalah jumper setting FSB(Front Side Bus) dan jumper Ratio/Multiplier/Perkalian. Bentuk, letak, dan kode jumper tadi sangat beragam tergantung jenis motherboard.

Bunyi Beep pada komputer

1. Bunyi BEEP hanya sekali saja.Kemungkinan RAM (random access memory) mempunyai masalah atau pun tidak dipasang dengan betul.
2. BEEP sebanyak enam kaliKemungkinan keyboard / papan kekunci anda sudah rosak atau tidak dipasangkan dengan betul pada p/s2 port atau USB port.
3. BEEP sebanyak lapan kaliKemungkinan VGA (Video Graphics Array) kad atau pun graphic card anda mengalami masalah atau pun tidak dipasang dengan betul.
4. BEEP sebanyak 11 kaliChecksum Error iaitu melibatkan bateri CMOS anda pada motherboard. Anda boleh menukar bateri CMOS yang baru jika mengalami masalah ini.
:: Award BIOS
1. Bunyi BEEP yang panjangMemori anda mempunyai masalah atau tidak dipasang dengan betul.
2. 1 BEEP panjang dan 2 BEEP pendekVGA card atau graphic card mempunyai masalah atau tidak dipasang dengan betul.
3. 1 BEEP panjang, 3 BEEP pendekKemungkinan keyboard anda bermasalah atau tidak dipasang dengan betul pada p/s2 port atau USB port.
4. Bunyi BEEP yang berpanjangan (contiuouns BEEP)RAM atau VGA kad anda tidak dipasang dengan betul.
:: Pheonix BIOS
1. 1 BEEP, 1 BEEP dan 4 BEEPDisebabkan BIOS anda tidak berfungsi. Boleh update atau flash BIOS.
2. 1 BEEP, 2 BEEP dan 1 BEEPDisebabkan motherboard anda yang sudah rosak.
3. 1 BEEP, 3 BEEP dan 1 BEEPRAM anda mungkin bermasalah atau tidak dipasang dengan betul.
4. 3 BEEP, 1 BEEP dan 1 BEEPAdalah disebabkan masalah motherboard computer anda.
5. 3 BEEP, 3 BEEP dan 4 BEEPVGA kad atau graphic anda bermasalah atau tidak dipasang dengan betul.
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4.2.1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
volatile : dapat ditambah, diubah, dihapus
Jenis-jenis RAM
Berdasarkan cara kerja:
dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM DRAM)
Extended Data Output DRAM (EDO DRAM)
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)
Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)
Untuk video :
Video RAM (VRAM)
Windows RAM (WRAM)
Synchronous Graphic RAM (SGRAM)
Static RAM (SRAM)
Berdasarkan Module:
Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
Double Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
RIMM (Rambus)
Berdasarkan jumlah pin : 30 pin, 72 pin, 168 pin
Berdasarkan kecepatannya (nanosecond)

HARD DISK
Harddisk adalah media menyimpan data yang sangat penting, karena di media inilah program-program dijalankan semakin besar harddisk maka semakin banyak data dan program-program yang dijalankan. Ada beberapa macam tipe harddisk yang seiring digunakan umumnya diantaranya adalah :
1.
Type harddsik SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

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Cirinya adalah mempunyai interface lagi untuk dapat mengaktifkan kerja dari harddisk ini.

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Mempunyai kaki sekitar 50 pin

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Mempunyai kecepatan transfer data melebihi dari harddisk biasa yaitu sekitar 60 mbps
2.
Type harddisk IDE (Integrated Drive Electronic)

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Type inilah yang sering kita gunakan dikarenakan harddisk ini sangatlah simple penggunaannya dia hanya menggunakan super I/O yang ada pada motherboard dan kita tidak perlu susah-susah mencari interface untuk mengaktifkannya

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Transfer data yang dimilikinya adalah sekitar 40 mbps

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Harganya pn lebih murah dibanding dengan harddisk jenis SCSI

Flow Chart Pendeteksian Kerusakan pada Harddisk

Jenis
Ukuran
Kapasitas
Ciri-ciri
DD
5 1/4
360 kb
Warna biru padat plat bagian belakang
HD
5 1/4
1,2 Mb
Warna merah padat plat bagian belakang
DD
3 1/2
750 kb
Bentuknya kecil
HD
3 1/2
1,44 Mb
Bentuknya kecil
Piringan yang berada pada hardisk ini dikenal dengan sebutan plater. Beberapa plater yang ada didalam hardisk akan disusun menjadi satu dan seakan-akan bertumpuk pada suatu poros. Plater-plater yang ada akan diletakkan dalam suatu tempat yang tertutup dan hampa serta bebas debu. Seliap permukaan plater, secara logika akart menjadi beberapa lingkaran Lingkaran inilah yang disebut dengan track dan gabungan dari beberapa track yang berada di posisi yang sama disebut dengan cylinder Setiap track dibagi lagi menjadi sector dan apabila sector - sector ini digabungkan maka ini disebut dengan cluster
PEMBAGIAN FUNGSI DISK
Pembagiannya meliputi daerah sistem (system area ) dan daerah data (data area). Pada saat kita melakukan format hardisk, sebetulnya dos melakukan sebagian dari disk (track) yang posisinya paling luar untuk menunjang Kehidupannya daerah inilah yang dissent daerah system sedang sisa daerah yang tidak digunakan adalah daerah data. Pada saat kita melakukan format disk maka perintah ini akan membuat track pada daerah data tergantung perintahnya apakah itu termasuk dengan systemnya atau tdak berikut contoh penggunaan format
Microsoft(R) Windows A (C)Copyright Microsoft Corp 1981-1998. c:\WINDOWS>format (x):/s/u/v:IRFANDER1
> format : kita membuat track baru pada drive kita drive yang dituju> /s : memberikan system> /u : proses format tanpa unconditional data (data yang terformat tidak dapat di kembalikan lagi/unformat)> /v:IRFANDER1 : membedakan volume 1 nama dari drive itu dengan nama IRFANDER1
Jika anda membeli hardisk yang masih baru biasanya oleh perusahaan penjualnya hardisk itu sudah diformat. Beberapa langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan format pada harddisk, diantaranya dengan menggunakan software perintah FDISK yang ada pada DOS atau menggunakan software yang diberikan oleh perusahaan pembuat hardisk itu atau juga sering dikenal dengan DM ( Disk Manager).
PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN HARDDISK
Sebuah haddisk diperkirakan memiliki usia kerja sekitar 25000 sampai 200000 jam pemakaian. Beberapa faktor yang dapat memperpendek usia sebuah harddisk, diantaranya adalah :
Panas yang berlebihFaktor suhu yang tinggi sangat berpengaruh pada harddisk, oleh sebab itu faktor pendinginan pada chasing terutama penggunaan kipas pendingin dan tata letak harddisk perlu dipertimbangkan. Konstruksi chasing juga perlu diperhatikan agar sirkulasi
GuncanganYang dimaksud dengan kerusakan ini adalah kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya guncangan keras misalkan cpu jatuh atau tepukul benda yang keras, sehingga akan menyebabkan berguncangnya kedudukan hardisk dan menyebabkan kerusakan hardisk secara fisik ataupun dapat menyebabkan data menjadi kacau. hal ini terjadi karena pada saat bekerja head hardisk mengambang beberapa mikrometer diatas permukaan piringan. Suatu goncangan atau benturan akan menyebabkan head menyentuh atau menggores bagian-bagian magnetik disk. Dengan kecepatan putar yang penuh, goresan ini akan merusak jalur jika hal ini terjadi pada daerah rawan seperti F A T atau direktori akibatnya akan fatal sekali, dapat dipastikan bahwa data yang ada akan rusak
Kerusakan KomponenFaktor ini amatlah tergantung pada mutu dad hardware perangkat keras komputer yang kita gunakan. Pada kornputer yang mutu hardwarenya kurang bagus, kerusakan komponen dapat terjadi karena pemakaian yang terus menerus, sehingga menyebabkan panas yang berlebih
ParkirSebagai pengguna komputer, kita dapat memegang andil dalam rusaknya hardisk hal ini terjadi apabila kita memakainya secara serampangan. Contoh yang paling mudah adalah, pada saat memakai hardisk kita tidak melakukan prosedur parkir sebelum mematikan komputer. Jika ini tidak dilakukan maka pada saat komputer dimatikan posisi head dapat berada di sembarang posisi, jika posisi tersebut berada pada dimana data disimpan dan head menyentuh permukaan disk maka data akan rusak karena rusaknya permukaan disk tersebut yang lebih berbahaya jika kita tidak melakukan parkir dan kebetulan posisi head berada pada bagian rawan disk.
Bagian-bagian dalam Harddisk adalah sebagai berikut :
Badsektor Pada Harddisk
Bad sector pada harddisk dapat menyebabkan kita tidak dapat menggunakan ruang yang terkena bad tersebut. Gejala terjadinya bad sector pada harddisk dapat dideteksi dari hal-hal sebagai berikut :
1.
Kesulitan membaca

Kesulitan ini ditandai dengan perlunya head membaca daerah tertentu beberapa kali (retry) sebelum akhirnya berhasil membacanya. Proses pergerakan head seperti pada saat membaca bad sector , hanya saja setelah beberapa kali head berhasil dibaca.
2.
Dapat ditormat tetapi tidak. dapat dibaca

Kadang kadang suatu daerah harddisk dapat diformat dan dilaporkan ada tidaknya bad sector tetapi ketika dibaca head akan kesulitan membaca.
3.
Tidak ada respon

Beberapa perintah baca atau tulis tidak ada respon (hang)
4.
Bad sector sementara

Sector yang dilaporkan rusak karena software dan secara fisik platter tidak rusak
5.
Bad sector permanen

Sector yang dilaporkan rusak secara fisik cacat.
6.
Tidak ada suara mendengung

Motor penggerak tidak bekerja dengan baik, kadang kadang tidak dapat start kadang kadang mati setelah beberapa saat.
7.
Piringan atau Platter

Platter harddisk sudah rusak, dapat disebabkan oleh goresan berat antar platter dan head.
8.
Komponen elektronik 1 PCB

Ada gangguan di board dapat diakibatkan gangguan dari board.
9.
Head

Kerusakan pada head dapat menyebabkan harddisk tidak -dapat diakses sama. sekali, biasanya head tidak dapat bergerak karena tertahan piringan.
Seandainya hasil statistik dari perintah format menyebutkan adanya Bad Sector, Maka ltu merupakan Perwujudan dari keadaan rusak yang disebutkan. Kita tidak perlu bingung karena hal tersebut sudah biasa terjadi bad sector yang disebabkan oleh perangkat lunak dapat dihilangkan dengan format ulang dari tahap yang paling rendah yaitu Low Level Formating.
1. Tidak secara sembarangan menggerakan harddisk ketika komputer sedang dijalankan.2. Jangan mematikan komputer ketika harddisk sedang membaca3. Jika harddisk akan dibawa, gunakan bantalan pada harddisk
Trik Memotong Bad Sektor Pada Harddisk
Sebelum melakukan pemotongan hardisk, kita harus menggunakan software yang dapat menghapus bad sector ringan pada hardisk. Caranya dapat kita gunakan software DOS Scandisk atau Maxllf.
Jika hal ini tidak berhasil menghilangkan bad sektor maka kita akan melangkah ke pemotongan bad sektor yang rusak. Sebelum itu kita harus menyiapkan software yang harus digunakan dalam kegiatan ini diantaranya adalah :
1.
Disk Manager (E:\quantum> dm /x) Berfungsi untuk melakukan partisi dan memotong bagian harddisk yang mengalami bad sector
2.
MaxllfBerfungsi untuk melakukan low level format bila hardisk mengalami kerusakan pada sistem
3.
Partition Magic (pqmagic)Berfungsi menyatukan hardisk-hardisk yang telah terpotong
4.
DOS Scandisk Melakukan deteksi pada harddisk dan mengetahui letak kerusakan hardisk


Prosedur Pemotongan :
1.
Kita misalkan kita memiliki sebuah harddisk yang akan kita potong bad sectornya. Untuk mengetahui pada cylinder berapakah bad sector terjadi maka kita harus menggunakan perintah berikut ini :

a.
Dengan DOS Scandisk : C:\surface\autofix. Dengan perintah ini, komputer menampilkan status dan letak bad sector pada harddisk.

b.
Dengan Maxllf kita dapat melakukan Low Level Format. Software akan menampilkan bad sector yang tidak dapat diperbaiki sehingga harus kita potong.
2.
Kita Misalkan Hardisk yang akan kita potong memiliki 943 cylinder, dan bad sector berada pada bagian tengah hardisk yaitu pada cylinder 301 sampai 302. Seingga dari data tersebut dapat kita petakan keadaan cylinder hardisk kita seperti gambar di bawah ini :
3.
Dari bentuk peta cylinder di atas, kita akan melakukan partisi dengan menggunakan software Disk Manager dengan cara sebagai berikut

a.
Dari menu utama Disk Manager, tekan Alt+M untuk masuk ke menu partisi secara manual.

b.
Dengan menggunakan partisi manual, kita buat partisi sebagai berikut :
Partition Action
Hasil Partisi
Disk Prompt
Start
End
1. Partisi Main Disk, dari (0 , 300)
C: DOS
0
299
2. Partisi Extendend, dari (300 , 943)
D: Ext
300
942
3. Partisi Logical 1, dari (300 , 2)
E: Log 1
301
302
4. Partoso Logical 2, dari (302, 943)
F: Log 2
303
943

c.
Setelah itu kita delete partisi Logical 1 yang mengandung bad sector
4.
Dengan menggunakan PQMAGIC kita dapat menyatukan kembali hardisk setelah dipotong tadi sehingga dianggap hilang oleh hardisk.
Kembali ke atas

Gejala Komputer Yang Terinfeksi Virus & Cara Mengatasi/Membersihkan Virus Komputer Kita

Virus Komputer, Berbahayakah ?
Pernahkah komputer anda terinfeksi virus ? Virus Komputeryang tidak merusak tidaklah begitu mengganggu, tetapi jika sebaliknya cukup membuat kita sibuk berhari-hari.
Sebelum melangkah lebih jauh ada baiknya kita mengetahui gejala gejala komputer yang terinfeksi virus
1. Komputernya lelet banget jalannya seperti zombie.2. Tiba-tiba diam tanpa aba aba dan tidak ada respon.3. Blue screen atau crash dan kemudian restart.4. CDROM, Harddisk, Floopy dan USB drive tidak bisa diakses5. Tampilan user interface berubah6. Alat input seperti keyboard atau mouse tidak bisa di kontrol
Jadi apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah virus jika terlanjut terinfeksi ?
1. Keluar dari aplikasi yang sedang berjalan dan segera matiin komputernya.2. Cabut harddisk yang telah terinfeksi, lakukan prosedur backup data yang penting terdahulu.3. Pindahkan posisi jumper harddisk menjadi slave, kemudian pasang di komputer lainya yang telah terinstall anvirus yang up-to-date.4. Scan harddisk yang terinfeksi virus5. Harddisk yang telah di bersihkan dari virus, di test apakah telah berfungsi dengan benar6. Jika Step 5 gagal, disarankan menformat dan menginstall kembali sistem operasinya karena itu cara yang paling aman dari penghapusan virus secara permanen.



Jika komputer mati(tidak ada reaksi apa-apa saat menekan tombol power), maka yang perlu dilakukan adalah :1. Cek untuk memastikan kabel power sudah terpasang.2. Jika ada UPS dengan soft power switch, tekan switch untuk menghidupkan UPS.3. Perikasa power switch belakang di power supply apa ada.4. Cek voltage switch di power supply. Jangan mencoba menghidupkan komputer jika voltage switch tidak terpasang dengan benar.5. Cek koneki dalam komputer.6. Cek power switch komputer untuk memastikan switch ini tidak rusak.Jika mesin nyala tapi tidak Boot dengan benar atau sama sekali

tugas

B. INGGRIS
1.MOTHER BOARD PROBLEM
How can I replace the motherboard in my PC without having to reinstall Windows XP?
Problem
My computer running Windows XP Home Edition is using an elderly AMD Athlon 1GHz Thunderbird processor, so I am looking to change the motherboard, processor, and RAM. How will Windows XP react to the new hardware? Will I have to re-register Windows XP? Should I remove all of the old motherboard drivers in the Device Manager just before I make the switch, or in Safe Mode just afterwards?
Answer
Because of Product Activation, replacing the hardware components you mention is more problematic in Windows XP than in Windows 95/98/Me, which don't use it. For that reason, no method is 100% successful, but if you understand and can implement the following information you stand a good chance of upgrading your computer successfully without having to reinstall Windows XP.
Your new motherboard will almost certainly have different chipset(s) than the one it is replacing, especially if it has an onboard video chip that provides the video instead of a dedicated graphics card, and which has its own chipset. A Windows XP installation that uses the chipset drivers for the old motherboard is likely to lock up when you run it on the new motherboard.
Note that RAM and the processor do not have device drivers, so you don't have to do anything to Windows XP if you upgrade those components. Windows will automatically detect and install those devices.
The most successful process involves having to perform a repair installation of Windows XP, which requires a full Windows XP CD, or at least a recovery partition that includes a repair option. If your computer only came with a Recovery CD that restores the computer's software to the condition it was in when it left the factory, it would restore the device drivers for the old motherboard. If you only have a Recovery CD, unless you are willing to try creating a bootable Windows XP CD from it, you'll have to buy a full copy of Windows XP, not the Upgrade version, because the Recovery CD doesn't qualify as an upgradable version of Windows. You should be able to buy an inexpensive OEM copy (usually at half the price or less of the retail version) that must be purchased with a component, such as a motherboard, hard drive, etc.
It is possible to create a boot Windows XP CD from a Recovery CD. How to use BartPE to create a bootable Windows XP CD if your PC doesn't have one on this site provides the necessary information.
Note that there could be problems with this method because of Product Activation. If your computer came with a Recovery CD (restore disc), it has an OEM version of Windows XP. An OEM version is provided at reduced cost to the manufacturer because it has a restriction placed on its use. It can only be used on the computer that it was provided for. Microsoft takes the view that it is the motherboard that determines if the same computer is being used. Everything else can be changed as long as the motherboard stays the same model. If you change the model of motherboard, Microsoft says that it isn't the same computer and the user has to buy a new copy of Windows. You would have to telephone Microsoft to obtain the key to reactivate Windows XP and say that you had to replace the motherboard because the previous one died. If you say that you upgraded a functioning motherboard, you won't be allowed to reactivate Windows XP, because an upgrade doesn't qualify as being the same computer under the terms of an OEM licence. That is not the case with a retail copy of Windows. You can change the motherboard. The user will probably just have to phone Microsoft to explain that the motherboard has been upgraded, give a promise that the copy is only being used on one computer, and obtain the activation code.
Alternatively, if you are careful and know what you're doing, it is possible to go into the Device Manager and remove all of the drivers for the old motherboard chipset and the drivers for the video card if the motherboard has an onboard graphics chip. The key devices, such as the IDE Controllers and video have to be replaced with the generic (standard) Windows drives. You can do that by right-clicking on the device making use of the of the Update Driver... option.
You would then shut Windows down, turn the PC off at the mains, but leave it plugged in, and perform the upgrade. When you restart the upgraded system, Windows XP should detect new hardware and install the correct drivers, or ask for them on a CD. However, note that this can be a messy business. A repair installation is the best option if you have a Windows XP installation CD.
If you value the software and data files on the computer, you should make a restorable backup of the system before changing the hardware. Click here! to go to the information on creating backups on this site.
You won't have an SATA hard drive, because your elderly system must have an IDE hard drive. But if anyone is replacing a motherboard and is installing an SATA hard drive, visit the motherboard manufacturer's site and download the current SATA drivers for the new motherboard because you will need to install them when Windows asks for them. Follow the manufacturer instructions and place the drivers on a floppy disk so that they will be available after the new hardware has been installed.
Start the process by inserting the Windows XP CD in the CD/DVD drive, close the window that opens if the auto-start function is enabled and shut down the computer in the normal way. This leaves the Windows XP installation CD in the drive so it will be ready for use after the upgrade.
Note that you should not make changes to the system, such as rearranging the hard drives (if the system has more than one hard drive), or changing the IDE channel that the CD drive is using. You should leave as much of the rest of the system as it is until you complete the upgrade procedure successfully.
You should know how to remove the old components and install the new ones. Visit the Build Your Own PC pages on this site for the relevant information and make sure that you read and understand the information in the user manual that is provided with a motherboard. New motherboards are very easy to install. They auto-configure everything. In previous times, it was necessary to set the BIOS and the jumpers/dip switches on the motherboard in order to get the hardware to work. If you are upgrading an old system with components that are not new, you should read the motherboard's manual to find out what is required. It is possible to install most new motherboard without configuring anything. The BIOS and Windows do everything automatically. The only action you might have to take is insert a driver CD.
You should enter the BIOS to make sure the system date and time are set correctly because Windows takes its date and time from the BIOS. In order to boot from a CD, the BIOS has to be set to boot first from the CD/DVD drive. The motherboard manual will have a section on the BIOS that explains the settings. The boot order will be in a section of the BIOS called something like BIOS Features Setup. There will be settings that you choose to enable the hard drive, CD/DVD drive, floppy drive, etc. as the first boot device.
After you have replaced the motherboard, you should start up the system and press the key(s) that open the BIOS to make the change in the boot order. Do not allow Windows to boot the system if you can't open the BIOS, press the reset button on the case or the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to restart the system. Saving the new BIOS setting, exits the BIOS and reboots the system. You left the Windows XP CD in the CD drive when you shut down to perform the upgrade, so the system will boot from it. As the boot sequence continues, watch the screen for a message to appear that the system is looking for a bootable CD ROM. Watch the screen for the message that the CD has been auto-detected, followed by the Press any key to boot CD message. Press the spacebar or any other key within the five seconds in which the message is displayed.
Windows begins to inspect the hardware configuration. After the inspection is complete, Windows starts to load files from the CD as it begins the installation. A screen appears that shows these three options.
1. - To set up Windows XP now, press ENTER.
2. - To repair a Windows XP installation using the Recovery Console, press R.
3. - To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3.
The second option asks if you want to repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console. This may be the required course of action in other circumstances, but in this case you only want to repair Windows XP without using Recovery Console. To do that, select the first option to set up Windows by pressing the Enter key.
More files will load from the CD. A list of all the current installations of Windows XP will be displayed in the lower portion of the window. Use the arrow keys to select among them if you have more than one installation. After the selection has been made, press the R key to begin the repair process.
NOTE: Do not choose the option to press the ESC key! Note well that pressing the ESC key will result in you losing all of your data files and settings and is akin to doing a reformat and clean install.
Note that when you perform a repair of a current installation you are asked to enter the Product Key that came with the Windows XP CD. Windows XP is installing a fresh copy of itself over the existing copy. While the data and settings are not destroyed, any Service Packs will have to be reinstalled after the repair process has completed. The Setup continues and eventually the computer reboots. Watch the onscreen prompts, but do not press a key when the Press any key to boot CD message appears. The installation continues, prompting you from time to time to supply additional setup information. After you have provided the appropriate responses, another reboot occurs, this time bringing you into Windows XP.
After the repair installation is completed, you should be able to start up Windows XP as usual.
Note that you might have to reactivate Windows XP after such a repair installation. Microsoft has made the process fast and virtually painless, so, if you do have to reactivate, just make the free call to Microsoft to explain your circumstances and obtain the new code, and everything should be in order.
Read the following article in the MS Knowledge Base if you require more information.
How to replace the motherboard on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000 -
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;824125
You can also enter a search term such as replace + motherboard + xp (as is) in Google search box at the top of this page with it Web radio button enabled.
Replacing a motherboard in Windows Vista
At the time of writing, the situation with regard to replacing a motherboard in Windows Vista was unclear, because I don't know if Startup Repair in Vista can be used in the same way as a repair install in Windows XP. Also note that there is no longer a Recovery Console in Windows Vista. You only have System Restore and Startup Repair.
2. Have I destroyed my motherboard, keyboard and wireless network adapter by using two USB ports at the same time that are linked together on the motherboard?
Problem
I repaired my desktop PC by replacing the motherboard with an ASRock P4VM890 Socket 478 motherboard for Intel Pentium 4 / Celeron D (Prescott, Northwood, Willamette) processors. It was working properly until I plugged a flash drive into one of the USB ports on the motherboard at the rear of the case. According to the motherboard manual, the port is shared with a USB port on the front panel of the case, which had a USB D-Link wireless network adapter plugged into it. The flash drive packed in along with the keyboard. I replaced the keyboard, which worked for a while but has now also packed in. The keyboard has a PS/2 five-pin DIN plug that is used with a USB adapter cable. The motherboard manual says that the two sockets will not function together, but it does not say that using both of them at the same time will cause damage.
Answer
The ASRock P4VM890 motherboard provides six USB ports from its ports panel that appears at the back of the case when the motherboard is installed in it. The motherboard also has two sets of headers on the motherboard itself for connecting USB ports in the front panel of the case with cables that are provided by the case.
This page on ASRock's site provides the manual as a download - http://www.asrock.com/mb/overview.asp?Model=P4VM890. If it doesn't work, you can try entering asrock p4vm890 in the Google search box at the top of this page (with its Web radio button enabled) to find the current link.
The USB header at the bottom, near the SATA hard-disk-drive connectors and the third PCI slot, provides an additional two USB ports. The other header, located behind the USB ports on the motherboard's ports panel, shares a connection with two of them. You can't use both the front and back USB connections, which are connected to the same port, simultaneously. However, it doesn't seem likely that plugging in two devices would produce a short circuit, such as you describe, if the cable between the header and the front ports had been wired correctly.
Perhaps the front-panel connector cable from your case does not match the pin-out of these USB headers. There are several variations in the pin-out of USB headers. Most motherboard manufacturers, including ASRock, place the two 5V power pins next to each other, usually at the far end from the 'missing' pin of the nine-pin connector. However, some motherboard manufacturers reverse the order of pins on the second USB port, so one is arranged Power, Data-, Data+, Ground, and the other is Ground, Data+, Data-, Power.
Therefore, when you want to connect USB cables to a new motherboard, you should check the motherboard manual carefully. A multimeter set to DC volts can be used to check which pins are running at 5V. The wires in the cable are usually red when they are used to deliver power.
Read this illustrated article - How to Install Front USB by Connecting Front USB Ports to a Motherboard? -
http://www.directron.com/installusb.html
Note that PS/2-to-USB adapters of the kind that you used to connect your PS/2 keyboard to a PS/2 keyboard USB port on the motherboard will only work if the PS/2 keyboard (or mouse) has been designed to work with both a USB and a PS/2 connection. You had that setup working, so they must be compatible.
It is more probably that the adapter has burnt out or been shorted by too much current. You could also find shorted leads in the front-panel USB cables. If you can, before using it again, use a multimeter set to resistance to check each possible combination of pins for a short circuit. It should be safe to use the keyboard in the motherboard's PS/2 keyboard port to find out if it is still working.
Unfortunately, the fourth and fifth USB ports could be permanently damaged. They are on the shared header and the right-most connectors, furthest away from the PS/2 keyboard port, on the back of the motherboard. A damaged USB port can damage other equipment permanently, so you should avoid using them.

tugas

B. INGGRIS
1.MOTHER BOARD PROBLEM
How can I replace the motherboard in my PC without having to reinstall Windows XP?
Problem
My computer running Windows XP Home Edition is using an elderly AMD Athlon 1GHz Thunderbird processor, so I am looking to change the motherboard, processor, and RAM. How will Windows XP react to the new hardware? Will I have to re-register Windows XP? Should I remove all of the old motherboard drivers in the Device Manager just before I make the switch, or in Safe Mode just afterwards?
Answer
Because of Product Activation, replacing the hardware components you mention is more problematic in Windows XP than in Windows 95/98/Me, which don't use it. For that reason, no method is 100% successful, but if you understand and can implement the following information you stand a good chance of upgrading your computer successfully without having to reinstall Windows XP.
Your new motherboard will almost certainly have different chipset(s) than the one it is replacing, especially if it has an onboard video chip that provides the video instead of a dedicated graphics card, and which has its own chipset. A Windows XP installation that uses the chipset drivers for the old motherboard is likely to lock up when you run it on the new motherboard.
Note that RAM and the processor do not have device drivers, so you don't have to do anything to Windows XP if you upgrade those components. Windows will automatically detect and install those devices.
The most successful process involves having to perform a repair installation of Windows XP, which requires a full Windows XP CD, or at least a recovery partition that includes a repair option. If your computer only came with a Recovery CD that restores the computer's software to the condition it was in when it left the factory, it would restore the device drivers for the old motherboard. If you only have a Recovery CD, unless you are willing to try creating a bootable Windows XP CD from it, you'll have to buy a full copy of Windows XP, not the Upgrade version, because the Recovery CD doesn't qualify as an upgradable version of Windows. You should be able to buy an inexpensive OEM copy (usually at half the price or less of the retail version) that must be purchased with a component, such as a motherboard, hard drive, etc.
It is possible to create a boot Windows XP CD from a Recovery CD. How to use BartPE to create a bootable Windows XP CD if your PC doesn't have one on this site provides the necessary information.
Note that there could be problems with this method because of Product Activation. If your computer came with a Recovery CD (restore disc), it has an OEM version of Windows XP. An OEM version is provided at reduced cost to the manufacturer because it has a restriction placed on its use. It can only be used on the computer that it was provided for. Microsoft takes the view that it is the motherboard that determines if the same computer is being used. Everything else can be changed as long as the motherboard stays the same model. If you change the model of motherboard, Microsoft says that it isn't the same computer and the user has to buy a new copy of Windows. You would have to telephone Microsoft to obtain the key to reactivate Windows XP and say that you had to replace the motherboard because the previous one died. If you say that you upgraded a functioning motherboard, you won't be allowed to reactivate Windows XP, because an upgrade doesn't qualify as being the same computer under the terms of an OEM licence. That is not the case with a retail copy of Windows. You can change the motherboard. The user will probably just have to phone Microsoft to explain that the motherboard has been upgraded, give a promise that the copy is only being used on one computer, and obtain the activation code.
Alternatively, if you are careful and know what you're doing, it is possible to go into the Device Manager and remove all of the drivers for the old motherboard chipset and the drivers for the video card if the motherboard has an onboard graphics chip. The key devices, such as the IDE Controllers and video have to be replaced with the generic (standard) Windows drives. You can do that by right-clicking on the device making use of the of the Update Driver... option.
You would then shut Windows down, turn the PC off at the mains, but leave it plugged in, and perform the upgrade. When you restart the upgraded system, Windows XP should detect new hardware and install the correct drivers, or ask for them on a CD. However, note that this can be a messy business. A repair installation is the best option if you have a Windows XP installation CD.
If you value the software and data files on the computer, you should make a restorable backup of the system before changing the hardware. Click here! to go to the information on creating backups on this site.
You won't have an SATA hard drive, because your elderly system must have an IDE hard drive. But if anyone is replacing a motherboard and is installing an SATA hard drive, visit the motherboard manufacturer's site and download the current SATA drivers for the new motherboard because you will need to install them when Windows asks for them. Follow the manufacturer instructions and place the drivers on a floppy disk so that they will be available after the new hardware has been installed.
Start the process by inserting the Windows XP CD in the CD/DVD drive, close the window that opens if the auto-start function is enabled and shut down the computer in the normal way. This leaves the Windows XP installation CD in the drive so it will be ready for use after the upgrade.
Note that you should not make changes to the system, such as rearranging the hard drives (if the system has more than one hard drive), or changing the IDE channel that the CD drive is using. You should leave as much of the rest of the system as it is until you complete the upgrade procedure successfully.
You should know how to remove the old components and install the new ones. Visit the Build Your Own PC pages on this site for the relevant information and make sure that you read and understand the information in the user manual that is provided with a motherboard. New motherboards are very easy to install. They auto-configure everything. In previous times, it was necessary to set the BIOS and the jumpers/dip switches on the motherboard in order to get the hardware to work. If you are upgrading an old system with components that are not new, you should read the motherboard's manual to find out what is required. It is possible to install most new motherboard without configuring anything. The BIOS and Windows do everything automatically. The only action you might have to take is insert a driver CD.
You should enter the BIOS to make sure the system date and time are set correctly because Windows takes its date and time from the BIOS. In order to boot from a CD, the BIOS has to be set to boot first from the CD/DVD drive. The motherboard manual will have a section on the BIOS that explains the settings. The boot order will be in a section of the BIOS called something like BIOS Features Setup. There will be settings that you choose to enable the hard drive, CD/DVD drive, floppy drive, etc. as the first boot device.
After you have replaced the motherboard, you should start up the system and press the key(s) that open the BIOS to make the change in the boot order. Do not allow Windows to boot the system if you can't open the BIOS, press the reset button on the case or the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to restart the system. Saving the new BIOS setting, exits the BIOS and reboots the system. You left the Windows XP CD in the CD drive when you shut down to perform the upgrade, so the system will boot from it. As the boot sequence continues, watch the screen for a message to appear that the system is looking for a bootable CD ROM. Watch the screen for the message that the CD has been auto-detected, followed by the Press any key to boot CD message. Press the spacebar or any other key within the five seconds in which the message is displayed.
Windows begins to inspect the hardware configuration. After the inspection is complete, Windows starts to load files from the CD as it begins the installation. A screen appears that shows these three options.
1. - To set up Windows XP now, press ENTER.
2. - To repair a Windows XP installation using the Recovery Console, press R.
3. - To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3.
The second option asks if you want to repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console. This may be the required course of action in other circumstances, but in this case you only want to repair Windows XP without using Recovery Console. To do that, select the first option to set up Windows by pressing the Enter key.
More files will load from the CD. A list of all the current installations of Windows XP will be displayed in the lower portion of the window. Use the arrow keys to select among them if you have more than one installation. After the selection has been made, press the R key to begin the repair process.
NOTE: Do not choose the option to press the ESC key! Note well that pressing the ESC key will result in you losing all of your data files and settings and is akin to doing a reformat and clean install.
Note that when you perform a repair of a current installation you are asked to enter the Product Key that came with the Windows XP CD. Windows XP is installing a fresh copy of itself over the existing copy. While the data and settings are not destroyed, any Service Packs will have to be reinstalled after the repair process has completed. The Setup continues and eventually the computer reboots. Watch the onscreen prompts, but do not press a key when the Press any key to boot CD message appears. The installation continues, prompting you from time to time to supply additional setup information. After you have provided the appropriate responses, another reboot occurs, this time bringing you into Windows XP.
After the repair installation is completed, you should be able to start up Windows XP as usual.
Note that you might have to reactivate Windows XP after such a repair installation. Microsoft has made the process fast and virtually painless, so, if you do have to reactivate, just make the free call to Microsoft to explain your circumstances and obtain the new code, and everything should be in order.
Read the following article in the MS Knowledge Base if you require more information.
How to replace the motherboard on a computer that is running Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Windows 2000 -
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;824125
You can also enter a search term such as replace + motherboard + xp (as is) in Google search box at the top of this page with it Web radio button enabled.
Replacing a motherboard in Windows Vista
At the time of writing, the situation with regard to replacing a motherboard in Windows Vista was unclear, because I don't know if Startup Repair in Vista can be used in the same way as a repair install in Windows XP. Also note that there is no longer a Recovery Console in Windows Vista. You only have System Restore and Startup Repair.
2. Have I destroyed my motherboard, keyboard and wireless network adapter by using two USB ports at the same time that are linked together on the motherboard?
Problem
I repaired my desktop PC by replacing the motherboard with an ASRock P4VM890 Socket 478 motherboard for Intel Pentium 4 / Celeron D (Prescott, Northwood, Willamette) processors. It was working properly until I plugged a flash drive into one of the USB ports on the motherboard at the rear of the case. According to the motherboard manual, the port is shared with a USB port on the front panel of the case, which had a USB D-Link wireless network adapter plugged into it. The flash drive packed in along with the keyboard. I replaced the keyboard, which worked for a while but has now also packed in. The keyboard has a PS/2 five-pin DIN plug that is used with a USB adapter cable. The motherboard manual says that the two sockets will not function together, but it does not say that using both of them at the same time will cause damage.
Answer
The ASRock P4VM890 motherboard provides six USB ports from its ports panel that appears at the back of the case when the motherboard is installed in it. The motherboard also has two sets of headers on the motherboard itself for connecting USB ports in the front panel of the case with cables that are provided by the case.
This page on ASRock's site provides the manual as a download - http://www.asrock.com/mb/overview.asp?Model=P4VM890. If it doesn't work, you can try entering asrock p4vm890 in the Google search box at the top of this page (with its Web radio button enabled) to find the current link.
The USB header at the bottom, near the SATA hard-disk-drive connectors and the third PCI slot, provides an additional two USB ports. The other header, located behind the USB ports on the motherboard's ports panel, shares a connection with two of them. You can't use both the front and back USB connections, which are connected to the same port, simultaneously. However, it doesn't seem likely that plugging in two devices would produce a short circuit, such as you describe, if the cable between the header and the front ports had been wired correctly.
Perhaps the front-panel connector cable from your case does not match the pin-out of these USB headers. There are several variations in the pin-out of USB headers. Most motherboard manufacturers, including ASRock, place the two 5V power pins next to each other, usually at the far end from the 'missing' pin of the nine-pin connector. However, some motherboard manufacturers reverse the order of pins on the second USB port, so one is arranged Power, Data-, Data+, Ground, and the other is Ground, Data+, Data-, Power.
Therefore, when you want to connect USB cables to a new motherboard, you should check the motherboard manual carefully. A multimeter set to DC volts can be used to check which pins are running at 5V. The wires in the cable are usually red when they are used to deliver power.
Read this illustrated article - How to Install Front USB by Connecting Front USB Ports to a Motherboard? -
http://www.directron.com/installusb.html
Note that PS/2-to-USB adapters of the kind that you used to connect your PS/2 keyboard to a PS/2 keyboard USB port on the motherboard will only work if the PS/2 keyboard (or mouse) has been designed to work with both a USB and a PS/2 connection. You had that setup working, so they must be compatible.
It is more probably that the adapter has burnt out or been shorted by too much current. You could also find shorted leads in the front-panel USB cables. If you can, before using it again, use a multimeter set to resistance to check each possible combination of pins for a short circuit. It should be safe to use the keyboard in the motherboard's PS/2 keyboard port to find out if it is still working.
Unfortunately, the fourth and fifth USB ports could be permanently damaged. They are on the shared header and the right-most connectors, furthest away from the PS/2 keyboard port, on the back of the motherboard. A damaged USB port can damage other equipment permanently, so you should avoid using them.